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Petroleum Geoscience; August 2006; v. 12; no. 3; p. 205-219; DOI: 10.1144/1354-079305-653
© 2006 Geological Society of London
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Original Article

Elasticity/saturation relationships using flow simulation from an outcrop analogue for 4D seismic modelling

Olivier Kirstetter1,2, Patrick Corbett1, Jim Somerville1 and Colin MacBeth1

1 Heriot-Watt Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
2 Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (present address: Repsol YPF, Paseo de la Castellana 280, 28046 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: okirstetter@repsolypf.com)

Three production scenarios have been simulated for three displacement mechanisms using three lithofacies models built at two scales (fine and coarse) from a 2D outcrop analogue. Analysis of the flow simulation results and the associated seismic modelling investigate the dependence of the time-lapse response on the lithofacies model and the vertical grid block size. Elastic attribute quantification from coarse-grid models requires a decision on the type of fluid saturation distribution (uniform or patchy) within the coarse-grid blocks. Here, empirical relations for scaling up the fluid bulk modulus are developed which, when inserted into standard Gassmann calculations, permit calibration of the response for the coarse-grid block model from the finer-scale model. At the coarse scale, fluid saturation changes during water injection and pressure depletion can be represented adequately by these relations but, for gas injection, it appears necessary to refer back to the fine-scale models. For the case of gas injection they cannot be generalized readily for each different lithofacies model and are thus observed to be outcrop dependent.

KEYWORDS: 4D seismic, elasticity scaling up, flow simulation, saturation distribution, outcrop analogue






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